Column, spine, natural, injuries, and treatment - spine injuries and physiotherapy

Column, spine, natural, injuries, and treatment - spine injuries and physiotherapy
 

Spine injuries and physiotherapy


Spine injuries and physiotherapy


General Information

Spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae bone an annular monolith on top of each other extending from the neck to the coccyx. His job is to keep the balance of the body in an upright position and connecting the arms and legs. Known as the seven paragraphs of the upper paragraphs cervical, followed by the thoracic spine is 12 paragraphs, followed by the lumbar spine is composed of 5 vertebrae, followed by the deficit, which consists of 5 vertebrae fused be something like greatness one followed by the coccyx or greatness tail, which consists of 4 bones fused together.


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Mediated spine channel extends the spinal cord that connects the brain and transmits nerve signals from the brain to other parts of the body and vice versa. Thus, the brain plays the role of the transfer of nerve signals in different directions through the spinal cord, which plays the role of the carrier for those messages to all members of the muscles of the body that issued responses, and so when injured spinal cord are lacking the ability to send nerve signals to the member affected can not move messages ( nerve signals) through the brain to the affected areas.





Causes of spinal cord injury:
Spinal cord may get cut or stabbed as a result of exposure to or bullets or paragraphs or fractions of bacterial diseases or viral Tadoba or go.
Spinal cord may be affected due to lack of blood flow or oxygen to the brain as it can not live for more than three minutes without blood or oxygen.
Any pressure on the spinal cord may damage it may be that the region from external or internal, for example, when you break one of the paragraphs, it is pressing on the spinal cord, causing:
Swelling of the spinal cord or the channel surrounding it.
Spinal cord bleeding or the channel surrounding it.
Inflammation or abscess pressing on the spinal cord or spinal cord consists of the same.



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Full infection of the spinal cord:

1 - quadriplegia:

Happens when you get one of the seven cervical vertebrae, usually the patient loses sensation and muscle strength and notes on the patient that:
May suffer from breathing problems and may need a respirator or breathing normally but suffer from difficulty when you cough.
Can not control intestinal therefore placed him a special program of the stomach.
Can not control waste and therefore always uses the catheter.
Can not walk.
Move his hands or shoulders depending on the severity of injury or lesion, but can not use his hands full.
Weak sexual ability.
2 - Paraplegia Terminal

Produces the injury, which lies between the chest and the first deficit and the patient loses the ability to sense movement in the area of ??injury and below.

Notes on the patient that:
Control can not remove the waste and therefore must use a catheter to the patient.
Can not control intestinal canal must therefore be placed on the feeding program through the stomach.
Limited sexual ability.
Can not use the legs fully.
3 - partial injury of the spinal cord:

In the above-mentioned lesions or injuries that affect the spinal cord injury, there may be incomplete (partial) means that a certain part of the spinal cord injured and not all. As a result, there may be a small amount of non-sense or weakness of the movement under the subject of HIV infection may be in one side of the body or both sides. Vary any infection for other injuries, therefore it is difficult to determine the level of mobility that will be in the patient at the outset, and play time and hard work played an important role in determining the amount of recovery from injury.

What is rehabilitation?

Is the stage where the patient learns how to get the maximum benefit from the capabilities that are still owned by, For the patient to learn how to depend on the same degree as, according to the attributes of capabilities. Here comes the role of the rehabilitation of SCI patients, as it aims to train each patient to take maximum advantage of the capabilities that were not affected by injury and that does not succeed without the cooperation and willingness of the patient.

Physiotherapy

The purpose of physiotherapy is to prevent stiffness of joints, muscle weakness and to maintain a good balance between the muscles that operate between the muscles that do not work, which the patient can achieve the greatest degree of independence in activities of daily life by the size of the injury suffered.

Initial treatment:
Are examined muscles and joints and the ability to sense and all the skin to determine the effect of infection and the ability to move and work of the members in general.
When the infection include the region among the first paragraph of the neck and the chest the second session, this affects the respiratory muscles, and in some cases, patients need to assist in the process of respiration and air to breathe and get rid of secretions by coughing.
Exercise benefit for the prevention of pain and stiffness in muscles and joints and stimulate blood circulation.
Do exercises that make all the proper muscles as strong as possible, since the beginning of infection and continuity necessary for the prevention of muscular weakness.
The situation is good for the body is an important requirement to prevent the ulcer bed and the occurrence of convulsions, muscle contractions or injury Palace length.
The rehabilitation phase:

Begin the rehabilitation phase once to allow the patient to leave the bed. The goal during this phase is to achieve maximum independence, and this depends on the level of infection and complications that could produce as well as the spirit of the patient's morale, and will be the focus during this phase as follows: balance, movement, techniques relieve the pressure, standing and walking depending on your assistant (depending This level of injury), cough and other functional motor activities.

Exercises the upper

Shoulder bend forward



Annex bend (elbow)

Annex D (elbow)

Exercise the lower limbs

Elongation of the thigh and leg muscles of the back

Elongation of the inner thigh muscles



Elongation of anterior thigh muscles



Exercises to maintain flexibility of the knee joint and hip



Exercises to maintain flexibility of the ankle joint



Functional range of motion exercises

Volatility in the bed on both sides



Transition from a lying down to sitting

The transition from bed to chair and vice-versa

Reducing the pressure while sitting on the chair



The types of disabilities, which coincide with a spinal cord injury vary according to the severity of injury, according to their level, the information described above in general for most cases of spinal cord injuries, but differ in the way of performance in terms of quality and quantity depending on the level of injury and the capacity of the patient is advised to consult a physiotherapist or rehabilitation of the details Ouma'lomat more.

Dislocation of the shoulder

Dislocation of the shoulder joint shoulder dislocation




Dislocation of the shoulder joint injuries are common in sport, but a few somewhat in football is more common in rugby

At the outset you must know some details about the anatomy of the shoulder joint

Shoulder joint

Detailed dynamically connects the head of the humerus (humerus) with the shoulder blade (scapula) Egav shell capsule surrounding the joint

There hamstring muscle driving the muscles and ligaments of the joint ligaments>



Socket

Interosseous is out for the articulation of any exit from Tmvsalh humerus with the scapula as a result of the severity of Foreign Affairs.

Symptoms of Shoulder dislocation





= severe pain in the shoulder

2 = loss of joint function

3 = heavy full arm toward the chest

4 = loss of spherical appearance of the joint and turns into a flat.



Diagnosis of clinical examination and taking X-rays and Mufras

Treatment

1 = immobilization

Stabilize the joint bond of compressor after the amendment to modify articulation sometimes under general anesthesia.

2-3 weeks

2 = Allalm relievers.

2 = rehablitation

Rehabilitation takes two weeks

Cases of swallowing tongue

Very important, especially athletes, [the case of swallowing the tongue] causes and how to Isaaffha

Proliferated in recent years in sports stadiums and the case of a dangerous phenomenon which is swallowing

Tongue by the player and there were many deaths due to this serious situation

Mostly be due to lack of knowledge and how to aid the injured in this career and I will give you in

This issue was discussed gathered from several locations, even shows you the symptoms and treatment of this case

It is very important to know all the athletes for this situation and how the patient by ambulance

I hope to be in all the clubs or sporting groups or fairy people who know

To deal with this situation

"Tongue"

Is a member in the mouth is composed of muscle fibers is responsible for moving the condyle and speech

When swallowing lead to bridging the slot soft palate and suffocation

"Swallowing the tongue"

Satisfactory condition and opposed the result of an imbalance in the nervous system have Wania and companion nervous convulsions and loss of consciousness and memory cache.

What is fact to swallow the tongue?

Hear people say: So people or player ... Swallowing his tongue

. This expression is wrong .. Why? . Because man is impossible to swallow his tongue ..

So it is wrong to introduce the hand to pull the tongue .. because the strong muscle of tongue .. and secondly because the saliva does not help

What happens if?

Shahu person loses consciousness, relaxes the whole body, including the jaw and the tongue and epiglottis. Vtsagt Hadpallsan in the course of the air .. And the way in the photos show it ..

Only raise the chin to the top with the tilt of the head, so as to change the slot and pulling the duct and change from round to oval

"The most common causes"

1 - strikes the head and brain concussion head injury

Lead to an imbalance in brain function and an increase in electrical stimulus to the brain, convulsions, neurological and swallowing of the tongue.

2 - a lack of blood circulation, such as atrial fibrillation atrium Alatjav

May lead to swallowing the tongue and muscle convulsions.

3 - drop in blood sugar hypoglycamia

4 - impaired concentration of some elements such as potassium and sodium within the body.

"First aid is the most important"

1 - the medic to be quiet.

2 - raising the head to the back and the pressure on the jaw with an attempt to push the front angle of the jaw and tongue, then will return to normal.

3 - the medic that is tilting the head back and make the chin at the top level and then followed by opening the mouth, move the lower jaw down and then pull out the tongue in a manner where the fingers are placed (Sbabpalibaham) behind him in the form of a hook and pull out ...

4 - in the event of difficulty of the return must insert a breathing tube endotracheal tube to help breathing until the problem is solved.

5 - Use a stick or tool to flip the tongue instead of using fingers is the safest way

The medic may patient may be applied to his mouth on the medic and cut his fingers.

Note

Would be preferable to put the patient in the intensive care unit icu

Because he may need to Rajat electric booster to the heart in the case of a failure in the circulatory system.

This image shows you how to aid the case of swallowing the tongue:

Stem cells key to the magic athletes

Stem cell banks provide rehabilitation tendons, ligaments, muscles and cartilage
New York: Bill Binington *
Huge jump in the treatment of professional and amateur athletes may become like science fiction, but it can change sports medicine. He stated some doctors and researchers that in the next few years will be possible to use stem cells from the primitive umbilical cord blood for children for the development of knee ligament or elbow, leading to the emergence of therapeutic means will be at the forefront of the reform of sports injuries.
A number of sports agents in the provision of advice to their clients regarding the storage of stem cells from their children or from tissue taken from their bodies as collateral against sports injuries that can end their careers early. Blood banks and promote the benefits of stem cell therapy using stem cells for treatment and rehabilitation of the practical tendons, ligaments, muscles and cartilage. Except that there is still some skeptics in the medical community who are asking when will be available such technology, but enthusiasts say that the time soon became.

Said Dr. Scott Rodeo, a specialist Orthopaedic Surgery and the world at a hospital in Manhattan for Special Surgery, «is not fanciful. Probably will not be in the next year, but three to five years is not unreasonable ».

Dr. Rodeo and March of those techniques in operations on the laboratory rat, which means that will be useful when the restructuring of the ligaments of the knee and rotating the shoulder muscle. A disease of the regular sports difficult for surgeons because the body usually does not handle himself or restore tissue after operations.

Said Dr. Rodeo «in each case, the stem cells have some benefits in contributing to the revitalization of tissue». According to some scientists that the time has now come for the Protection of sporting talent and even children.

Johnny, "said Dr. Hayward, Director, Center for stem cell research,« If you have a child is characterized by an extraordinary sports talent at the age of the fifth or sixth, you might want to get fat to freeze some young stem cells ». Dr Hayward said «that get a group of stem cells is a very valuable work. However, the practical use of these tools probably will not happen years ago. However, it is the future of sports medicine. Dr. Regis O'Keeffe, a researcher and spokesman for the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery, said attempts to use the renewed cartilage in knees has so far «is not effective to a large degree». He pointed out that there are no studies being reviewed for many of the proposed remedies and limited experimentation on humans.

It was agreed that Dr. Freddie Vue, the leading orthopedic surgeon, University Medical Center in Pittsburgh «you answer the questions of safety and consideration of side effects. It will also be expensive. Again, this will not stop the athletes, they would be ready always to try anything that helps them to practice playing ».

And linked to the advancement of stem cell technology, some are acting now to prepare for the wealth of potential restoration. There are five of the professional soccer players who have stem cells frozen for their children at birth and stored in a Liverpool stem cell bank, according to a story published last year in the newspaper «The Sunday Times» London. And named one of the players stem cells «several potential repair of wounds», which threaten the possibility of the exercise play.

A stem cell treatments that do more than just renew the joints, so they can help build muscle in elite athletes and increase other physical capacity quickly and efficiently can not be achieved in the traditional manner.

Dr Hayward said that «there is a possibility to enhance performance in all of this», he said, adding that he met with officials who are trying to prepare for the new technology. He said «it may not be monitored because there is something abnormal, they are for your cells. I do not think he can convert a bad athlete into a superior athlete, but you can provide a factor that converts silver medal winner at the Olympic Games gold medal to the winner? The answer in my opinion, yes. He asked that «at the same time, can this type of engineering the body that perform the function under the stress of competition at that level? It is believed Arthur Caplan, director of the Center House ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, said professional athletes still image Almrfahin stem cell technology is emerging as the fountain of youth.

Reach me and Steinberg, the agent experienced in the field of sport, that sport's biggest stars in the country could follow with enthusiasm, all progress in the field of orthopedics. Steinberg says that athletes have been constantly at the forefront of new medical technology, whether it relates to growth hormones or surgery, bone, so that the living, he said, depends mainly on their physical health. If the drug testing process took place and proved that it helps any of the athletes to continue playing for another four years, it would be seen as a gift from heaven. Steinberg also said he expected to soon begin advising clients to develop stem cells in umbilical cord bank dedicated to her, which he did Steinberg on the birth of his children. If you become the use of stem cell technology is widespread in the area of ​​sport in the future, it will open the door to a potential production of these cells by athletes to enhance their ability to play the latest signing of a contract worth $ 40 million. Says Dr. J.. Lin s programs, which operates an agency specializing in sports management, said that such things give rise to temper. He commented that the sports world is known for his lack of control on the moral side. And are treated as confidential in the places that preserve the stem cells, where there are samples of these cells back to the best American athletes, which prohibits confidentiality agreements signed between the parties concerned revealed the names of these owners of these samples. Says Dr. Robert Hariri, founder and Executive Director for «Aevbank USA», said that his institution has taken samples of the persons known mathematical background. And range in price collection and storage of blood in the «to Aevbank USA» Cedar Knowles New Jersey, as the price of storing umbilical cord blood as well as the amount of $ 1900 to $ 125 each year. And concentrated the main uses umbilical cord blood so far in the treatment of leukemia and other illnesses life-threatening. Hariri says in this context that the focus so far focused on things more important than the restoration of joints of athletes, but noted that they were aware of the possibilities and the revolution coming in this area

Roughness of the knee

Roughness of the knee



Roughness knee disease caused by erosion of soft cartilage that covers the joint surface, which helps to smooth the movement. Where there is weakness in the coherence of this cartilage, which leads to cracking of the surface and then gradually eroded to the bone surface to become naked of cartilage, which is protected.

Roughness causes the knee:

    *
      Genetics: where many studies have shown the existence of genetic factors and help of a foul.
    *
      Overweight: and is one of the most important factors that lead to a roughness in Egypt and the Arab world, especially in women. Where that excess weight is a burden too heavily on the surface of the articular cartilage.
    *
      Curvature of the legs: it will lead to an increased load on specific parts of the joint.
    *
      Age: increasingly vulnerable cartilage with age and thus increase the proportion of roughness.
    *
      Patient sex: after the age of fifty-increasing incidence of rough in the ladies more than men.
    *
      Knee injuries: knee injuries such as fractures and the occurrence of cut ligaments or meniscus helps the occurrence of roughness.
    *
      Repeated stress of the knee: Like a lot of falling and climbing stairs and sitting for long periods in the development of Alagafrsae
    *
      Rheumatic diseases: such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout lead to roughness in the cases in arrears.

Treatment:
Treatment is divided into the knee to the roughness of the precautionary treatment (non surgical) and surgical treatment.


Conservative treatment (non-surgical):
And be used as a treatment given to him, especially in the early cases of the disease. Conservative treatment includes the following:

Changes in the way of life and reducing the loads on the knee joint and that by following the general guidelines for patients with knee stiffness.

Localized injections into the joint and are of two types:

1) The first type of materials to assist the lubrication of the cartilage surface but these injections expensive and not suitable only for cases of early and usually have their effect for a period of several months.

2) The second type is the cortisone is an anti-inflammatory to help reduce pain, but for a temporary period and is not recommended except in very few cases should not be given more than four injections into the joint per year.

Warm compresses and topical paint.

Medicine: it is helping to reduce the symptoms of disease by the patient's condition and may include:

Prescription pain medicine and anti-inflammatory such as aspirin and paracetamol to reduce pain and swelling

Materials and Alkondroitin glucosamine sulfate and is the material that might be useful in the early cases in reducing pain and swelling. And usually needs treatment in this material for months to give good results.


Surgical treatment:

And are turning to Him if conservative treatment fails to overcome the symptoms of roughness and, particularly in cases in arrears. And surgical treatment may include one of the following methods:

Endoscopic surgery to clean the joint and treatment of torn meniscus and cartilage grafts damaged

Surgery straightening curvature of the legs

Prosthetic surgery
Guidelines for patients

Endoscopic surgery to clean the joint and treatment of torn meniscus and cartilage grafts damaged

Surgery straightening curvature of the legs

Prosthetic surgery




Guidelines for patients with roughness:
Weight loss is one of the most important factors that lead to the reduction of loads on the knee joint

Avoid standing for long periods and a lot of the rise and descent of stairs because that would lead to increased pressure on the knee joint which increases the roughness of the knee and pain.

Avoid bending the knee joint more than ninety degrees either fold under the chair you sit him or sit on a low chair.
Avoid the use of the bike fixed or mobile, leading to increased friction between the surfaces of the joint
Walking regularly lead to the improvement of the situation and tissues of the knee cartilage and strengthen muscles, but must be done without the stress of the knee joint and in other times of extreme pain and on a flat surface such as soft ground track stadium club


When you climb the ladder based on your hand is always on the wall of peace and go up gradually and go up the first leg of sound and vice versa when you get down
(Get off the affected leg first).

First aid for head injuries and neck

    First aid for head injuries and neck

Symptoms of head injuries
Symptoms of severe head injuries in general
These symptoms appear when the athlete, who is suffering from head injuries when it is in consciousness
Feel dizzy with ringing in the ear
Headache, nausea
Vision blurred and unclear
It is possible that more severe symptoms such as
Memory loss
Stutter speech and language
Seizures
Irregular breathing
And also the possible occurrence of other symptoms including
Bleeding in the area of ​​the injury or deformity senior
Bleeding or wound in the area of ​​the injury
Unequal Hdguety the eye with a response that is not to blame the light
Confusion and irregularity
Cramps
Do not move the eye towards the body moving and be one eye at a lower level than the other
The following symptoms appear when the patient is unconscious
Irregular breathing with shortness of breath
Continuous bleeding from the nose, mouth and ears
Irregular heartbeat
Unequal Hdguety eye and no response to light
The causes and complications of head injuries
Caused by a blow on the head missionary
Falling on the head
Of a violent shake of the head because of external influencesFirst aid for head injuries
Not to remove condoms before the control of infection
Do not subject the patient to sniff any Rihp strong works on the head concussion
Mathematical dimensions of the place of injury
A ventilator
Alajroat are under medical supervision
However, if the victim is unconscious, it is up treatment as follows
Immediate medical supervision
Install the head and neck patient
A ventilator
Address the place of injury and to control the bleeding
Orthopedic injuries, fractures or unstable

Asabpalthab Kaabi sinus cavity back of the foot

Asabpalthab Kaabi sinus cavity back of the foot

Inflammation of the sinus cavity occurs as a result of injury to the bag cavity Mmaiwdi exit
Synovial fluid out of the bag the most important cases of synovial inflammation of the sinus cavity in
Football is wounded bag cavity behind the heel at the bottom of the foot and very few contract the
Ackhels tendon and heel and frequent injury in women that wear the shoes
High heels for long periods, as occurs in athletes who use Shoes
Inappropriate Mmaysbb friction behind the foot, as well as anatomical abnormalities




Symptoms:
- Symptoms are gradual and last from two to three months before the show
- Pain and swelling over the area of ​​link Ackhels bone tendon and heel pain when you press Ivdad
The bag cavity
- The more it grew the tumor Azdad external pressure on the joint











Reasons
- Pressure on the cavity back of the shoe
- Participation in sports Almnazlat that are accompanied by the gravity of some internal factors
Which include abnormal shape of the heel bone and the foot flat and bend Higher
These reasons lead to friction behind soccer shoes
And external factors: These include wearing high heels - shoes inappropriate and that cause
Pressure on the area behind the heel
The complications of this injury, it needs surgical intervention at the development where the
Surgeon and the disposal of the bag also Amadaavtha sudden pain tendon rupture Ackhels







First Aid:
- Rest for 48-72 hours
- Develop Kmadat cold (ice) on the area of ​​the injury 20 minutes and repeat several times to control
The swelling
- Use compression bandage to absorb the pressure outside the bubble
- The use of special footwear for foot orthotics in the case of a Flat Foot
- Wear shoes bigger than size of the foot with a little heel to make the soft always
- After 4-6 weeks can go back to running and sports activity light either refer
Competitions setting calls for a 4-12 week
- Taking drugs to relieve pain and inflammation by a doctor
- If the Fiqat very thick wall and can work toward the removal surgery
- After surgery demonstrate foot for 5 days and then the primitive motor rehabilitative exercises
If the installation can be dealt with injury perform exercises that do not affect the bubble, for example
Swimming
- After the surgery can be performed exercises after 6 weeks of Alnthbyt and after 3 weeks of lead
Rehabilitation exercises in three levels and will take the stage of healing to get rid of
Bubbles 6-4 weeks








Rehabilitation goals:
- The restoration of sound
- Restore the power of muscles and ligaments of the foot
- Restore missing-dimensional kinetic









Exercise rehabilitation:
- You must exercise to avoid the pain disappears
- Exercises to move a foot in the range allowed by the foot
- Therapeutic exercises in swimming pools
- Strength and resistance exercises and flexibility gradient
- Exercises using panels slash
- Exercises competition (speed straight
Zdzajip speed - running back)
- With the use of protective and supportive ligaments of the joint
- Permeates this stage and use all means
Useful natural rays of red - Turasund -
Tennis - Short Wave - Laser - electrostimulation ........
- Flexibility exercises and strength gradient
- Strength and flexibility exercises focused to return to the practice of sports

Injury and inflammation of the flexors and extensor of the foot

Injury and inflammation of the flexors and extensor of the foot
Inflammation of the tendons of the bottom of the foot
These muscles pass through the bottom of the foot and ankle along
Carrot Top of the foot and assists in bending and straightening the fingers
Symptoms of infection
- Blolm sense in the upper part of the foot
- The emergence of tumor and blood clot in the upper part of the foot
First Aid
- Comfort
- Kmadat Snow
- Install the ankle
- Raise the injured party
Treatment
- To offer a doctor
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs under medical supervision
Rehabilitation goals:
- The restoration of sound
- Restore the power of muscles and ligaments of the foot
- Restore missing-dimensional kinetic

Exercise rehabilitation:
- You must exercise to avoid the pain disappears
- Exercises to move a foot in the range allowed by the foot
- Therapeutic exercises in swimming pools
- Strength and resistance exercises and flexibility gradient
- Exercises using panels slash
- Exercises competition (speed straight
Zdzajip speed - running back)
- With the use of protective and supportive ligaments of the joint
- Permeates this stage and use all means
Useful natural rays of red - Turasund -
Tennis - Short Wave - Laser - electrostimulation ........
- Flexibility exercises and strength gradient
- Strength and flexibility exercises focused to return to the practice of sports

Injured tendons of the foot

Injured tendons of the foot

How the incidence of

Injury occurs because of the pressure on the tendons of the foot and increase the pain

Pain and toes straight or curved so while running and sometimes

The player feels a click sound when you walk in at their fingertips

Exposed to the injury and enemy players as well as players jump

The causes of injury

- Lace strongly Mmaysbb pressure shoe strings

First Aid

- Comfort

- Kmadat ice (cold)

- Take prescription drugs to relieve pain under a doctor Ashraf

Treatment

- Worked as a CT scan

- If the pressure was severe at the foot placed in the foot splint

For several weeks to avoid pressure on the foot and protection at the same time

- Determine the cause of the injury, for example, if the reason shoes

Or lack of flexibility

- Focus on exercises for the tendon Almronpo_khasossa Ackhels, as well as

Flexibility exercises for the soles of the feet

- To perform rehabilitation exercises and strengthening exercises when the pain goes

- Start strength training and resistance after 6-8 weeks of

Injury

Decrease thermal injury

Decrease thermal injury Symptoms - Severe fatigue - Reduction in an efficient working muscles during physical activity - Muscle tremors - Loss of control of movements and performance - Acceleration Aanaqbad muscle - The inability to speak and comment - Lack of attention - Loss of consciousness - In the case of the arrival of the body temperature of less than 28 d jolt C, the heart was trembling and die patient must therefore Interest in the case when the incidence and speed of first aid Bricks to take the necessary first aid and care Blmassab
Treatment - Raise the temperature of the body - The removal of the injured from the air and the wind - Heating gradient

Factors influencing the occurrence of sport injuries

Factors influencing the occurrence of sport injuries


High fitness level of fitness and level of physical attributes such as strength, flexibility and agility And balance the skin and cardiovascular system and carry power and speed to take another physical characteristics prevent The body from injury - inadequate stretching the body to the type of physical activity every sporting activity Recipes Physical and morphology of particular type of activity the way of performance: performance skills in a Correct technique and lead to high incidence of failure and vice versa of course lead to the incidence of Weather-high heat or humidity to fall and therefore must take into account confusion Sports Appropriate, as well as in Alltdreb Jumnasp lead to the adaptation of these factors are certain parts In the body to injury as a result of the continuing effort Allehaukhasp when you do not take into account the conditions of scientific and technical Sound and therefore lead to a sudden stress injury as a result of the inability of the internal tissue Bear the physical burden on this part Age: injuries occur in all ages, but there are injuries commonly occur in certain age groups without For example, the other in adolescence break fractions injuries - muscle injury - injuries Joints - injuries in the bone growth centers at the age of maturity long-playing exercise training Severe because of the high ambitions in the competition, potentially leading to injury and after the age of thirty and Be playing in the ongoing activity and given the difficulty of access to the level of competition for the player tapping A major effort to reach the level of competition and thus the injury occur and are most of these Injuries in ligaments and tendons psychological factors failure to achieve a balanced mental state and being idle Psychiatric or psychological thriller top might lead to the incidence of bad habits and addictive - Smoking - drinking alcohol - drug-and thus lose focus and play psychological balance And the nervous system and thus the injury occur

Injuries, fractures and dislocations in the neck

Injuries, fractures and dislocations in the neck

No injuries or fracture dislocation in the cervical region in the bodies of the paragraphs Or paragraphs in brackets or in the nerve cord extrusion or bumps Articulated. And cervical spine fractures are serious injuries very Because it could lead to the occurrence of death And fractures occur in many sports in spite of it Of injuries is not common occurrence in sports stadiums The causes of injuries, fractures and dislocation of the neck vertebrae detailed Direct hits on the cervical region may lead to a fracture or Dislocation of vertebrae and concomitant fracture or dislocation of the damaged ligaments and muscles As well as the intervertebral discs between the vertebrae in the cervical region The tide back and bending the front and recycling violent and hit the head or a shock Move to the area or cervical compressive strength of all this may also lead To the occurrence of compression fractures in the cervical spine ligament injury, whether p The incidence in the body paragraph front or rear, as well as ligaments The discs and Algdharyfbin paragraphs and some As well as the possible occurrence of fractures in the bumps or injured articular capsule Articular and ligament injuries occur and these are also the result Movement Madalamami Or bending the back and then the disk may occur destruction of cartilage and ligaments Forward with a crash behind the compression body paragraphs The rotation of the neck occurs in combination with the movement of bending and tide damage occurs From one side to the Ntwat articular ligaments and was accompanied by dislocation

Foot injuries

Foot injuries
Introduction - Are a variety of foot injuries due to absorption and foot Many of the shocks produced during physical activity.
- Of the causes of injury to the feet of exposure to stress Because of the continuous movements of jumping and running - Foot bears the weight and keep the body during the transition During dynamic walking, running and jumping
- The readiness of the ankle to shoulder the burden Attina Exercise of individual sports activity reduces the Ankle and hip injuries, knee and also All parts of the body.

Foot Anatomy
- Foot consists of 26 bones and 33 detailed, And more than 100 water and ligament and muscle - The human center of gravity is based on top Three lists of the top of the foot bone - Foot bones are arranged in the form of brackets Absorb shocks and make the foot flexible Balanced during the performance of different movements such as Walking and jumping and running
- Longitudinal arch lateral (outer) Low And is based on two pillars (the front and the back pillar) They are the back bone of the heel and the front section Mctin for the fourth and fifth with Alslemyat and moves Weight to him through the heel
- Arch-Ansi (internal) is higher than the bow lateral (Outer) and the tibia is a pillar from the back Combs and medial heads of the three (I, II and III) Move forward from the weight of the body through the tibial bone-Kaabi
- Carrying the heads of combs body weight and comb bears the first Twice the weight as the head cushion bones or the existence of more than Alsemsmaiip small bone adjacent to the tendons.
- Arcs associated with foot straps is very strong and well connected Beladilat Short toe and hamstring muscles of the leg support that Pass to toe from the other side of the weakness and extend this Ligaments pressing Alaqguaas may disappear Alaqoasisubh toe Foot touches the ground and called this case Filat Foote
- Associated with bones of the foot joints (U-Kaabi - cane navicular
- Cane-Kaabi - Kaabi navicular - cuneiform navicular)
- Linked to the rules of the five bone combs the front row for the bones Ankle joints of the four albumen. There are four factors to support the survival of the arches (muscles - Ligaments - fascia - the strings - articulation bones)
- Lead foot movements and Alrqd walk and jump and help in That strong muscles and lower leg
- Movement minute foot and the fingers are due to leg muscle itself.
- Nerves are the main foot bronchial peroneal nerve.
- A foot injury occur as a result of anatomical abnormalities And stresses that occur because of the additional installation of the ocean. When The performance of everyday activities of the individual did not feel them, but when exposed to Repeated stresses also occurs when physical activity This causes the injury.
- Examples of anatomic deformities of the feet (flat feet - foot Higher inverted arch of the foot or high - deviation of the inside of the knee
- Curvature of the legs - sprain hip)

Acute injuries of the neck

Acute injuries of the neck


We speak in our article that the generality of severe neck injuries and will
Speak later about the details of a deeper Tabiephdot these injuries and how to deal
With either method of first aid injury rehabilitation Alaolipotrq speed
Alaudpali Alhalptabieip in other articles, God willing

Fractions are Ktorpali paragraphs, as well as on the nerves and spinal cord, both
Awalradwd hole or wound and bone bruising in the surrounding paragraphs Awaladilat
Or spinal tissue, causing a puncture in the nerves or to
Spinal cord injury, bleeding and swelling in the area of ​​the injury
Tensile and tearing may occur in the muscles or ligaments and tendons surrounding the making
Lead to instability of the paragraphs in the normal


The causes of acute neck injury
A direct impact on the head and neck such as a fall or a violent blow Aosdmp


Symptoms of severe neck injuries
- tingling and numbness in the heads of the fingers of the hand or foot
- the inability to move or foot Asabaid
- Difficulty in touching things
- muscle spasm near the area of ​​spinal cord injured
- Difficulty breathing

First aid and treatment
- Supervision of immediate medical
- respirator in case of loss of consciousness
- Install the head and neck
- treatment of bleeding found that continuous
- Monitor the pulse and heartbeat
- orthopedic fractures or dislocations
- treatment convulsions

Causes of sports injuries

Causes of sports injuries



- training error
- take more effort from the player capacity (physical, psychological and skill)
- lack of integration of the elements of fitness training (strength - speed - ......)
- lack of coordination and consistency in the work muscle groups leading to the physical effort
- Inadequate warm-up (entry in the game and Aalmnavsp before processing muscle)
- Non-gradient in pregnancy (physical burdens higher than the level of player)
- Poor planning exercises in the distribution of effort and physical demands and comfort
- neglect the health aspect
- failing to submit to periodic examinations of the sports to ensure the integrity of the internal organs
- neglecting the requirements of nutrition and Asahipsulaimp Adding an aeration or
- the poor condition of sports instruments and supplies
- the poor condition of the surface is
- Inadequate quality sportswear
- Non-sporting Mlaimpcvep
- Insisting on the violation of the laws sports
- deliberate foul by the opponent
- the use of steroids
- Non-factors and taking into account the weather conditions during practice, such as:
Cold
Heat
Rain
Wind
High places
Poor psychological state of the player
- the heterogeneity of the players in terms of physical preparation and skill because of
The disparity in age or sex or other factors
- lack of awareness of the player the necessary preventive measures

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

What is the posterior cruciate ligament?

The knee is stabilized by four main ligaments: 2 collateral ligaments (medial and lateral) and 2 cruciate ligaments both anterior (front) and posterior (back). The cruciate ligaments attach to the femur (thigh bone) and travel within the knee joint to the upper surface of the tibia (shin bone). The ligaments pass each other in the middle of the joint forming a cross shape, hence the name 'cruciate'.

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) functions mainly in preventing the tibia from traveling backwards on the femur, known as posterior drawer. It also helps to prevent the tibia from twisting outwards. Injury to the ligament leads to knee instability with the shin bone having a tendency to 'sag' backwards when the knee is bent at 90 degrees.
How is the posterior cruciate ligament injured?

The incidence of injuries of the PCL is less than that of the anterior cruciate ligament. This is mainly due to the greater thickness and strength of the PCL. Nevertheless, the most common way in which the PCL is injured is by direct impact to the front of the tibia itself, usually when the knee is bent. This may occur in a front-on tackle or collision or when falling with the knee bent. The injury is commonly associated with injuries to other structures in the rear compartment of the knee joint such as lateral meniscus tears. In addition the articular cartilage may also be damaged.

PCL tears are graded I- III with III being the most severe. These gradings are classified depending on the amount of backward tibial displacement observed when the knee is bent at 90 degrees. In extreme cases the ligament may become avulsed, or pulled off the bone completely.
Symptoms of a posterior cruciate ligament injury:

    * Pain at the time of impact which, over time, may also be felt in the calf region.
    * Swelling, although this may be minimal.
    * Pain when the posterior cruciate ligament is stressed (see assessment).
    * Positive sign on the 'Posterior draw test'.
    * Pain and laxity when a 'reverse Lachman's test' is performed.
    * Instability of the joint, perhaps associated with the feeling of the knee 'giving way.

Treatment for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain:

What can the athlete do after sustaining a PCL injury?

    * Apply RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) as soon after the injury as possible.
    * See a sports injury professional immediately.

What can a professional do?

    * A sports injury professional will firstly firstly aim to correctly diagnose the injury. This may be achieved by performing specific tests such as the 'posterior drawer test' or 'revese Lachman's'.
    * Referral for an MRI scan and/or X-ray to assess the extent of the damage.
    * Operate - surgery for posterior cruciate ligament.

Once the injury has been correctly diagnosed, 2 modes of treatment may be recommended:

1. Conservative Treatment

This is indicated in most PCL injuries and may consist of:

    * Ice and heat treatment.
    * Electrotherapy e.g. TENS and Ultrasound
    * Manual therapy treatments
    * Advise on a specific rehabilitative exercise program which may include: quadriceps and hamstring strengthening, gait reeducation and balance training using wobble boards.
    * A knee support or brace can be used in the early to mid stages.

2. Surgical Treatment

A lesser proportion of PCl injuries require surgical intervention. However in more serious cases, in particular those in which other structures within the knee joint have been injured, surgery may be recommended. Surgery may also be indicated if the conservative management has not aided the stability of the knee sufficiently over a period of time.

In general, those who have sustained a PCL injury normally have good recovery rates, with most being able to return to sporting activities at the same level as before the injury. However, full recovery from cruciate ligament damage is highly dependant on the ability to adhere to a strict rehabilitation program.

Surgeon Mr Richard Villar talks to sportsinjuryclinic.net about surgery for the posterior cruciate ligament.

Sports Injuries

Sports Injuries

Athletic injuries

Athletic injuries occur from two different mechanisms.  Macrotrauma is a sudden injury from a major force.  This could, for example, be due to a fall or hit during play.  Macrotrauma can cause fractures, sprains of ligaments, muscle strains and bruises or contusions.  Microtrauma is due to repetitive injury over a long period of time and these injuries are also termed overuse.  Types of injuries include stress fracture, little league elbow and shoulder impingement syndrome.
Most of the information regarding frequency of sports injuries in adolescents is obtained form records kept on interscholastic high school sports.  For all high school sports that boys participate in, the frequency of injury is twenty-seven to thirty-nine percent on an annual basis.  Football accounts for the most injuries in boys, while soccer accounts for most injuries in girls.  Other sports that contribute to injuries for boys and girls include gymnastics, basketball, baseball, softball, track and field and cross-country.
Ligamental sprains, muscle strains and bruises account for most of the acute injuries.  However, overuse injuries are more common in adolescents than acute injuries.  Research studies have shown that up to forty-eight percent of adolescent athletes sustained one injury during their playing season.  Most of the injuries were considered to be minor where no playing days were lost.
Who is likely to develop athletic injuries
Adolescents may be at special risk for athletic injuries.  During the growth spurt, the skeleton must support increased weight and load.  As a result, there is increased risk for a severe injury in teens.  It is well known that the number of football injuries increase for teenagers as they grow in height and weight.  During growth and development, agility, power, speed and motor coordination improve.  Girls by age fourteen years seem to stabilize in regard to motor performance while boys improve during the later teenage years.
The increased skill levels in adolescent athletes usually lead to a higher level of competition during sports.  Higher speeds and increased intensity of competition may then lead to increased injuries for both boys and girls.
During the growth spurt, lengthening of the bones occurs before growth in the connective tissues.  As a result, there may be a relative decrease in flexibility during this period.  Girls tend to be more flexible than boys and peak in their flexibility around age fifteen years compared to boys who develop increased flexibility later in adolescence.  Decreased flexibility may cause an increased risk for overuse injuries in both boys and girls.
There are other factors that may contribute to a teenager sustaining an athletic injury.  These include the following:

• Hazardous playing fields
• Poor conditioning
• Competing while injured or fatigued
• Poor nutrition
• Poor physical fitness
• Inadequate supervision
• Stress
• Weather conditions
• Inadequate, poorly fitted, improper safety equipment
• Teams set by age rather than size

What are the symptoms of athletic injuries
There are many different types of athletic injuries.  Microtrauma usually causes overuse symptoms.  Shoulder impingement syndrome causes shoulder pain in swimmers, tennis players, and gymnastics and in sports where overhead throwing is common including baseball.  The rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder help to stabilize the head of the humerus or arm bone in the shoulder joint.  Repetitive overuse can lead to inflammation of rotator cuff tendons.  This leads to swelling and pain in the shoulder especially with activities that involve the shoulder.   Pain is worsened with overhead movements of the arm.
Another type of overuse syndrome in younger adolescents is little league elbow.  This is caused by a pulling injury to the medial epicondyle on the lower part of the upper arm bone called the humerus.  The teen develops pain on the inside part of the elbow associated with throwing motions.  Often it is seen in pitchers, and when little league elbow develops, the pitcher’s performance often deteriorates.
Gymnasts may develop overuse in the wrist.  The wrist is subjected to compression forces as the hand is flexed upward.  This may produce pain in the dorsal or top surface of the wrist especially so with floor exercises and vaulting.  Occasionally some gymnasts complain of pain in the forearm.  Usually these symptoms are seen in young adolescent girls who practice gymnastics more than thirty-five hours each week.
Lower back pain may be a symptom of spondylolysis of the vertebrae.  Seen in athletes, such as gymnasts, who repeatedly hyperextend their back, spondylolysis is caused by a series of microtrauma to the lower back.
Knee pain can be caused be several overuse syndromes.  Patellofemoral syndrome is a disorder where the kneecap does not move in a normal manner when the knee is flexed and extended.  Osgood-Schlatter disease, which is seen in growing teens, is characterized by pain below the kneecap.  Typically the pain occurs during exercise when the tendon that connects the kneecap to the lower leg bone called the tibia is utilized.  Osteochondritis dessicans may also cause knee pain.  This problem occurs when a portion of the bone separates from the femur or thighbone.  The knee may also feel unstable, lock or swell.
Sever’s disease is an overuse injury that affects the heel bone or calcaneus where the achille’s tendon is attached.  Commonly seen in gymnasts, basketball players and soccer players during early adolescence, the teen will feel heel pain and tenderness over the heel.  Running and deceleration activities will make the pain feel worse.
Macrotrauma or acute injuries constitute problems including contusions, sprains, strains and fractures.  Acute sports injuries are the second most common cause for adolescents to visit hospital emergency rooms, and it is estimated that approximately three million youth are seen in hospitals for sports related injuries.
Contusions or bruises may occur at any body site from head to toes.  Concussion is the most common head injury seen by sports physicians.  A concussion is defined as a transient alteration to the athlete’s mental status due to head injury.  Loss of consciousness is not necessary.  Concussion is graded from one to three depending on the severity.  Symptoms of grade one concussion included transient confusion such as inattention, inability to maintain a coherent stream of thought or carry out goal-directed movements.  There is no loss of consciousness and symptoms usually resolve in fifteen minutes or less.  Grade two concussion is more severe.  Here there is no loss of consciousness, but there is transient confusion, and the symptoms last more than fifteen minutes.  And grade three concussion does have loss of consciousness.
An example of contusion to the foot is seen in football players and runners who suffer turf toe.  Pain and swelling of the great toe may occur.  Often there is blood under the toenail, and this causes pain.
Sprain occurs in supporting tissues including ligaments and tendons.  The most common sports injury is the sprained ankle.  Ankle injuries comprise up to forty-five percent of all basketball injuries and about twenty-five percent of all injuries in volleyball.  The ankles consists of three bones and two joints; ligaments hold the joints together and provide stability.  A sprain occurs when an abnormal movement of force causes the ligaments to be stretched or torn.  There is pain, swelling and often bruising on the outside of the ankle.
Sprain or even torn ligaments occur not uncommonly in the knee joint in athletes.  The anterior cruciate ligament is strong tissue, and it connects the femur to the tibia while it helps to stabilize the knee joint.  When the athlete has a sudden directional change, a strong force can be placed on this ligament causing a tear or rupture.  There may be a popping sound that is followed by pain, swelling and instability.
A muscle strain can be caused by excessive contraction or overuse of a muscle group.  Marathoners frequently have muscle strain often in the hamstrings located on the back of the thigh, quadriceps on the front of the thigh or the calves.  Symptoms usually include pain.  Quadriceps injuries are most common in soccer, rugby and football players.
Fractures may occur in most bones in adolescent athletes especially in collision sports such as football.  Appropriate athletic equipment will help to prevent fractures.  Long distance runners may trip and fall landing on an outstretched hand.  A fracture of the radius, the lower arm bone, will produce the symptoms of pain, swelling and deformity.  Basketball players can sustain fractures to fingers, and football players may get rib fractures.  Most fractures will be painful; swelling is usually present while deformity does not always occur.
How are athletic injuries evaluated
Injuries are evaluated depending on the extent, location and severity.  For example, a coach or trainer may evaluate grade one concussion.  An adolescent with grade two concussion is removed from the contest, examined on site and then usually seen in follow up by a clinician prior to return to athletics.  And a teen with grade three concussions is transported immediately to a medical facility for evaluation.
Although clinicians should see all potential fractures, some sprains, strains and contusions need not have medical evaluation. A teen should ask his or her family, coach, trainer or physician if there is any question whether an injury should be evaluated.
How are athletic injuries treated?
Treatment of athletic injuries will depend, of course, on the nature of the injury.  The treatment of these injuries would comprise a large textbook.  One should remember the mnemonic RICE.  Sprains and strain may be treated with Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation.  Obviously one needs to be certain that the teen does not have a condition that requires more extensive treatments.
It is important to mention “second impact” syndrome which is an entity seen almost exclusively in athletes who are younger than twenty-one years.  Repeated head injury to adolescents can result in a serious condition where there is sudden severe brain swelling.  Usually there is a history of a prior head injury, and the athlete has returned to sports before all symptoms from the first head injury have cleared.  Even though the second head injury may be relatively mild, the athlete is stunned, collapses and becomes comatose.  Within two to five minutes, the teen may be critically ill.  Prevention of this catastrophic injury includes heading the clinician’s advice not to return to practice until symptoms from the first injury have dissipated.
How are athletic injuries prevented?
The following are some of the strategies that may help teens prevent athletic injuries:

• Have a sports preparticipation physical examination
• Before each training or sports event, warm up and then cool down afterward
• Do flexibility exercises
• Play within safe ranges for one’s age and size
• Use proper and well fitted equipment
• Keep oneself physically fit
• Begin training one to two months before the sports activity is to begin
• Gradually increase one’s training time but not more than ten percent each week

For adolescents who participate in ice hockey, to prevent a serious head or spinal injury if one is about to have a collision, remember the slogan: Heads up, Don’t Duck!
Parents should recall the following strategies to help prevent athletic injuries in adolescents:

• Encourage teens to participate in several different sports
• Insist coaches adhere to appropriate training principles
• Modify rules for adult games so they are appropriate for adolescents
• Ensure contests are supervised carefully and rules strictly enforced
• Be careful not to emphasize winning beyond safety

Related topics:
Athletic equipment, competition, exercise, foot injuries, growth and development, head injuries, knee disorders, obesity, shin splints, sports, stress fractures, X-treme sports safety